Migrations

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Introduction

When multiple people collaborate to develop applications, if there is no unified specification for the synchronization database structure to ensure that everyone's local data is consistent, it will be a disaster. Database migration is to solve this problem. The database structure is version controlled to ensure the consistency of the database structure of all developers.

Create Migrations

Use the make:migration command to create the migration:

go run . artisan make:migration create_users_table

This command will generate migration files in the database/migrations directory. All migration files start with a timestamp. Goravel will use the timestamp as the execution order of the migration files. All migration files are .sql files, and you can customize the table structure using SQL statements.

The migration command will generate two migration files at the same time: ***.up.sql and ***.down.sql, respectively corresponding to execution and rollback.

Run Migrations

To run all of your outstanding migrations, execute the migrate Artisan command:

go run . artisan migrate

If you would like to see which migrations have run thus far, you may use the migrate:status Artisan command:

go run . artisan migrate:status

Rolling Back Migrations

To roll back the latest migration operation, you may use the rollback Artisan command. This command rolls back the last "batch" of migrations, which may include multiple migration files:

go run . artisan migrate:rollback

You may roll back a limited number of migrations by providing the step option to the rollback command. For example, the following command will roll back the last five migrations:

go run . artisan migrate:rollback --step=5

The migrate:reset command will roll back all of your application's migrations:

go run . artisan migrate:reset

Roll Back & Migrate Using A Single Command

The migrate:refresh command will roll back all of your migrations and then execute the migrate command. This command effectively re-creates your entire database:

go run . artisan migrate:refresh

You may roll back and re-migrate a limited number of migrations by providing the step option to the refresh command. For example, the following command will roll back and re-migrate the last five migrations:

go run . artisan migrate:refresh --step=5

Drop All Tables & Migrate

The migrate:fresh command will drop all tables from the database and then execute the migrate command:

go run . artisan migrate:fresh

Quickly Create

Using create_users_table will automatically generate a table containing the infrastructure of users:

CREATE TABLE users (
  id bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  created_at datetime(3) DEFAULT NULL,
  updated_at datetime(3) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (id),
  KEY idx_users_created_at (created_at),
  KEY idx_users_updated_at (updated_at)
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 DEFAULT CHARSET = DummyDatabaseCharset;

The realization principle is to match according to the regularity:

^create_(\w+)_table$
^create_(\w+)$

Using add_avatar_to_users_table will automatically generate a structure for adding fields to the users table:

ALTER TABLE users ADD column varchar(255) COMMENT '';

The realization principle is to match according to the regularity:

_(to|from|in)_(\w+)_table$
_(to|from|in)_(\w+)$

When the above conditions are not matched, the framework will generate an empty migration file.